Particulars of The Trials and Execution of James Butler, for Arson, Edward Martelli, and Henry Jubilee Conway, for Forgery, Who were Executed this Morning at the Old Bailey'

Execution broadside printed with an account of the crimes, trial and execution of the prisoners James Butler convicted of arson and Edward Martelli and Henry Jubilee Conway convicted of forgery. Printed by Thomas Birt the broadside includes a generic woodcut engraving of the gallows and the crowd and notes that petitions were presented to the Secretary of the State to try and save Martelli and Conway but they failed. The broadsheet concludes with a moral poem.

Until 1868 public hangings were a popular form of entertainment for the London crowd. Such occasions provided an opportunity for cheap printers and street vendors to 'turn a penny on the street' by selling accounts of the crimes, trial and 'dying speeches' of executed criminals as souvenirs to the baying spectactors. As soon as the trap fell the street vendors began running amongst the crowd selling the broadsides. Execution broadsides were published by a small number of printers many of whom, such as Thomas Birt, James Catnach and James Pitts were based around the Seven Dials area of London. Spelling and grammar was often poor and the details not always accurate. Although ususally printed between the end of the trial and the date of the execution (usually a gap of a few weeks) they could be quickly changed to accomodate last minute information and 'dying confessions'. The printers often used battered woodcuts, and, for the gallows scene used a stock block with a pierced central section to allow the sex and required number of hanging figures to be changed as required. Female criminals were depicted by using a block for a male figure, cut square at the knee to represent a skirt.